Barbara Ehrenreichs Pathologies of Hope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Barbara Ehrenreichs Pathologies of Hope - Essay Example Barbara Ehrenreich was focusing on the crowd of the Harper Magazine. This is a magazine that has covers an educated crowd. It arrives at both the informed and everyone. This crowd perceives the intensity of expectation throughout everyday life. This is on the grounds that expectation is grasped in various regions in the general public. The association of the paper reflects what I am doing with the controlling reason. The article starts with a review of the general comprehension of expectation. Second, the exposition sums up Barbara Ehrenreich’s comprehension of expectation as introduced in this article. Besides, models are utilized to control the reason. Likewise confirms from the article on how the writer sees trust are given bolstered with cites. At long last, an end is given in the author’s position on trust. For instance, the creator gives a situation wherein negative contemplations are of help than trust. In causing the exposition to be based on proof, there is the utilization of direct statements. The statements are from the article to show a comprehension and translation of the article. The statements changed through the correction procedure. They were diminished to guarantee that the quantity of words for the article was reached. The utilization of statements was utilized in making the article progressively solid since they enhanced the conclusions and decreased longwindedness. At long last, a few statements were reworded in the correction procedure to guarantee that counterfeiting is stayed away from and that new feelings are embraced. The creator methodology of utilizing life models in censuring trust is remarkable.

What If I Get Placed On The Waitlist

Tips and Resources for Waitlisted Students As colleges begin notifying applicants of their regular admission decisions, many students end up faced with a puzzling outcome: the waitlist. While getting placed on the waitlist is not an ideal situation, there is a lot that students can do to effectively address the situation and improve their chances of admission should they choose to remain on the waitlist. What is the waitlist? The waitlist is all about a college making sure they’re able to build a well-rounded freshman class. After the May 1 enrollment deadline passes, colleges will evaluate who actually accepted their offer of admission, and fill any slots left behind by students who chose to go somewhere else with students from the waitlist. Waitlists are not ranked, and students are admitted off the waitlist based on the needs of the university. For example, if fewer engineering majors enrolled than expected, the university might go to the waitlist and admit students who indicated they want to study engineering. Tips for Waitlisted Students Here are some articles for waitlisted students that include advice on what to do next and how to improve your chances of admission should you choose to remain on the waitlist. Wait and See? Tips for Getting Off the Waitlist Tips from the Experts: What to Do If You Get Put On The Waitlist Tips on How to Get Admitted Off a College Waitlist Waitlisted at Your Dream College? Here's How to Get In Additional Resources for Waitlisted Students Below are some additional waitlist resources for students. These include information on the waitlist itself, additional next-steps, and your chances of admission. Waitlist Admission Rates What are Your Chances of Getting Off the Waitlist? The Truth About Waitlists: What Are Your Chances of Getting In? IvyWise Waitlist Consultation If you were waitlisted and need additional guidance on what to do next, offers a waitlist consultation, where a member of our team of expert counselors will review your application from the school to which you were waitlisted, and provided a plan of action to improve your chances of being admitted off the waitlist. Our team will also help you evaluate your current offers of admission and help you choose the college that’s the best fit for your needs or goals. Remember, a waitlist decision is not the end of the world. Take time to evaluate your options and make choices that are the best-fit for your needs and goals. Don't be afraid to ask for help from your college counselor, or an independent counselor, if you need it. Stay positive! #MondayMotivation: #Seniors should focus on the present and prepare for the future in order to enjoy their last few months before #graduation! #AspireApplyAchieve #CollegeAdmissions A post shared by (@followivywise) on Mar 6, 2017 at 11:53am PST

Relativism and Morality - 871 Words

Running head: RELATIVISM AND MORALITY Relativism and Morality Rodney L. Cotton SOC 120 Robert Neely February 21, 2011 Relativism and Morality In the article, â€Å"Some Moral Minima,† Lenn E. Goodman raises the question, â€Å"if it is true that no norm can be made absolute unless some other is compromised, are there no rules that tell us that principles are principles – no norms delineating concretely, and uncompromisingly, wrong from right?† (Goodman, 2010) Goodman goes on to state that the areas singled out in this article are not comprehensive of every consideration to which humans are due; he asserts that these are just some of the practices that should never be considered as options. The twelve areas which Goodman addresses†¦show more content†¦Human trafficking must not be tolerated under any circumstances. No person has the right to own another person or to use another person in an inhumane way. No person has the right to infringe on another person’s freedom. Many slaves and bondages in human trafficking endure unspeakable horrors and torturous sufferings. As for Goodmanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s condemnation of incest, I would also include any form of sexual molestation, whether the person is a relative or not. There is never any excuse for anyone to violate another human being for his or her own sexual gratification. I do not agree that sexual deviancies can be justified by cultural differences. Child molestation of any form, including statutory rape, is reprehensible and unjustifiable. The final areas addressed by Goodman were rape and clitoridectomy. Both of these actions are violations against another person. While it is known that both men and women are raped, rape is primarily recognized as a sexual crime against a woman. Rape not only involves forced sex; it often also includes assault, other physical injuries, and many times, even death. I can agree with Goodman (p. 92) â€Å"that rape is not a sexual crime but a power crime.† I also agree with Goodman’s statements: â€Å"Rape is wrong. It is always wrong. No circumstance can make it right.† (p. 92) Overall, I agree with Goodman that there are some absolutes in society and certain actions that should never be accepted orShow MoreRelatedMoral Relativism : Morality And War879 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Relativism Debate Moral relativism is the idea that there is no absolute moral standard that is applicable to any person at any place at any given time. It suggests that there are situations in which certain behavior that would normally be considered â€Å"wrong† can actually be considered â€Å"right†. Moral relativism has played an increasingly significant role in today’s society, particularly regarding the differences between the countries of the world. This essay will summarize and explain bothRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Morality1627 Words   |  7 Pagesare either true or false. In addition,the great philosopher known as Plato also leaned towards the moral realism side rather then moral relativism. Moral Relativism is culturally based upon the believes of ones right or wrong decisions. Every day people decide what is right for themselves to do that morning when they wake up. Over the years moral relativism has been noticed as a primary moral philosophy and is still practiced in todays society. Being morally right, or ethically right is basedRead MoreCultural Relativism : A Universal Standard Of Morality1480 Words   |  6 PagesCultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics of a culture should be understood and tolerated by people of other cultures (Fastiggi, 2013, p.30). The universal standards of morality do not exist between cultures rather it exists within cultures which prevents other cultures form being judged (Rachels, p.2). This means that the rights and wrongs are based upon an individual’s culture so an action considered moral in one society can be immoral in another. Cultural relativism is invalidRead MoreRelativism and Morality: Ana lysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima995 Words   |  4 PagesRelativism and Morality: Analysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima In Some Moral Minima, Lenn Goodman argues that there are certain things that are simply wrong, which presents the platform for a heated debate to arise as to whether this notion is right or wrong. In the context of modern society, relativism has always had a place, especially in the forming of societal and behavioral norms to which those in a certain society are expected to comply. However, on a smaller individual level,Read MoreThe Necessity For Objective Morality1600 Words   |  7 PagesMorality is a key component to every day life, and due to its large impact on the world, it is often a major topic of discussion and argument. Some people may infer that morality is nothing more than an individual concept, while others, like me, believe it cannot be altered for personal benefit. Accordingly, in this paper I will argue the necessity for objective morality, and furthermore, how if it happened to be objective, the world would be chaotic. While I understand that there are various sit uationsRead MoreEthical Relativism Moral Or Immoral1382 Words   |  6 PagesBrittany Haskell Mr. Legge CLN 4U Due: December 19, 2014 Ethical Relativism Moral or Immoral Ethical relativism is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one s culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. Moral or ethical relativism is the idea that what is considered moral or immoral depends on the accepted behaviors within the society in which the determination is made. Therefore, whatRead MoreThree Kinds of Relativism1309 Words   |  5 Pages In the last part of the course, we studied different forms of relativism and how they can be applied to morality. Relativism is in contrast to the universal laws that we studied when we were studying Kant’s Groundwork earlier in the semester. Instead, relativism makes the claim that there are no universal laws that can be applied to morality because every point of view is equally valid and therefore nothing can be said to be morally right or wrong. What we perceive to be right or wrong is basedRead MoreEvaluate †©Rachels †©Arguments †©Against †©Cultural†© Relativism Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL1001 ESSAY Evaluate†©Rachels†©arguments†©against†©cultural†©relativism.†©Is†©he†©right†©to†©endorse†© objective†©moral†©realism? DINH NAM TRAN 308213904 Cultural relativism, as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. â€Å"Is the thesis that a person’s culture strongly influences her modes of perception and thought† Most cultural relativists add to this definition saying that there is no standard of morality. This means that morality is relative to the particular society that one lives in. ProminentRead MoreRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms866 Words   |  4 PagesAni Martirosyan Philosophy 305 Business Ethics Assignment #4 Chapter 8: Relativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms: Their Role in Business Ethics The central thesis of Beauchamp’s argument is as follows: I argue that although a relativism of all moral standards is an untenable position, a lower-level relativism of moral judgment and multiculturalism are morally warranted. I conclude that there is a universal common morality, but that it allows for moral disagreement and legitimate differencesRead MoreEthical Relativism And Moral Relativism962 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst moral relativism as the correct way to judge human morality. There are several issues with moral relativism, and I will focus on why moral relativism’s argument is false and also consider the implications of accepting relativism. I will propose an alternative framework for making moral judgments about right and wrong and consider relativist objections. Philosophers often vary in their usage of moral relativism, so, for the purpose of this paper, I will be considering moral relativism to be the

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay - 1888 Words

Religion can be described as a centralized belief in which a group of people live their lives according to a set of practices, relating to the existence of a particular deity in order to fulfill a purpose. Religious studies are categorized so that each religion may be conveyed in an understandable way in which they are intended to. Many religions attribute, intentionally or not, to what is known as philosophical parallels. Attaining to these parallels involves a big problem with the way vocabulary is utilized. The philosophical parallel: problem of syncretism stimulates the question of whether there is such thing as an authentic religion. Most religions utilize this trait in such conditions that they use certain features of other religions†¦show more content†¦Within the conscious feeling of one’s atman, the term bhraman is used to describe the universal life force that is found in everything, personal and impersonal (Smith, 2-17). Hinduism(s) emphasizes the importanc e of separating one’s self from the material world/samsara and promotes asceticism (abstaining from worldly desires with aims of pursuing a more religious lifestyle) (Gavin Flood, 2009). Hindu’s view self awareness, as a way to connect with one’s atman. Lastly, the concept of Karma, the cause/effect cycle that is based on a person’s actions that determines their destiny in samsara is also emphasized in order to reach moksha. Samsara and the cycle of reincarnation exist because karma exists (correlating with the cosmic laws). For example, if an individual lives according to righteous morals, they’re closer to reaching moksha rather than someone who creates or does bad things – creating spiritual barriers, thus making moksha harder to reach. How can moksha be undertaken? Outside of the emerging concepts as discussed in the previous paragraph, there are certain disciplines that enable individuals to come in contact with their atman. This particular discipline is known as yoga. Like many practices in religions, there are different types of yoga that individuals do in order to maintain development. The first is theShow MoreRelatedHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1276 Words   |  6 PagesOut of the worlds many beliefs and religions, Buddhism and Hinduism make of about 20% of them (The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050). Hinduism and Buddhism are the most influential and popular in the eastern hemisphere, mostly in and around the Asian continent. These two religions have similar ideologies. So much so that many say that Buddhism is an appendage of Hinduism. Such religions have different religious structures, which allow broader interpr etations toRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. What is now called Hinduism began in India around 2000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Minorities in religion Hinduism and Buddhism are still well known and are growing in its followers from all over the world not just limited to the traditional geographical locations. Hinduism and Buddhism are differentRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed today. Most of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a god or a SupremeRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism881 Words   |  3 PagesSome awesome title I make Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the most philosophical religions around the world. Both religions stem from India before the Common Era and hold ranks as being one of the top five main religions around the world, therefore, having similar origins and philosophies. Hinduism places third as an organized religion and is much older than Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism have lasted for centuries and today is widely practiced among the world. Hinduism is considered to be monotheisticRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism976 Words   |  4 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships variousRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism1909 Words   |  8 Pages Maryann Lyons Summer 2015 homework A: Hinduism and Buddhism Reflection Answers: 1. I believe that people aren t allowed to leave the caste they are born into because in this religion, they believe that all of your sins and good deeds from your former life are added up to place you in a caste for this life. So, with that being said, if someone leaves their caste it would be considered unfair. 2. In my opinion, Hinduism values religion more than money and nobility. They have a high

Pressures Faced by Businesses and Management

Question: Discuss about thePressures Faced by Businesses and Management. Answer: Introduction Organizations do not work in isolation. They interact with both internal and external environmental variables. Some environmental variables include technology, culture, political variables and legal factors, (Casadesus-Masanell Zhu, 2013). Organizational pressures can be categorized into three, market pressures, societal pressures, and technological pressures. Two of these pressures are discussed as follows: Market Pressures The market consists of many players. Some market participants include customers, competitors, and suppliers, (Naletlich, 2016). The market pressures are pressures that organizations may face in their attempts to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. Organizations will always strive to not only keep their current clients but also attract new customers. The customers exert significant competitive pressures on the firm as they can always buy their goods from elsewhere, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). In an open market where there are many buyers and many sellers, competition is a major determinant of success. The goods in these markets are also related. Hence there are a lot of substitutes, (Teeransirikool, Sienthgthai, Badir Charoenngam, 2013). Customers are, therefore, given a lot of alternatives from the market making them be able to shift quickly from purchasing from one company to another. The competitors are also great determinants of success of any business. In an open market, managers are always faced with an enormous challenge of competing with both local and international rivals, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). Whenever companies are not able to bear the competition it is exposed to by the market, it may be thrown out of the market, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). The managers are, therefore, pressured to devise policies that would enable them to gain customer loyalty for their products. Competition greatly relies on customer preference. If a firms products are preferred by clients, then the company may gain a competitive edge against their rivals in the market. Michael Porter outlined some factors that may make a firm to seek competitive advantage. They included the threat of entry of other companies, threat of development of alternative goods, the bargaining capability of clients and suppliers and competitive rivalry among groups, (E.Dobbs, 2014). The manager must, therefore, be aware of these factors and adjust to them appropriately to remain competitive. Technological Pressures. In the global business environment, there are a lot of technological improvements. Some of these improvements include internet marketing, social media marketing, and electronic transactions, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). The manager must always scan the environment so as to identify any technological improvements that are relevant for the organization. Technology seeks to simplify the way business is carried out in the society, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Companies that use low technology in their operations may be slow and quickly thrown out of the market. Technological obsolescence is one of the leading causes of business failure. The managers are therefore pressured to come up with unique technology that other competitors do not have so as to compete favorably, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Innovation is a perfect way to adopting new technology. However, this may be an expensive process to managers. The company may also not be in a position to accept technological changes, making the manager to experience a lot of forces against change, from the employees. How the Manager can Alleviate the Pressures Innovation As explained by Naletelich (2016), innovation is the process of coming up with better ways of operation. It helps to solve some market-related constraints, and organization may be exposed to. Managers should always carry out a thorough environmental analysis to identify the major technological trends in the market, (Naletelich, 2016). This would enable them to determine the technological gap in the environment and fill it through innovation. Innovation is also closely linked to change. The managers should encourage creativity in the firm so as to come up with strategic changes that are technologically competent. Innovation enables firms to gain customers satisfaction. It may major on saving customers shopping time, reducing the time taken by clients in the queues before being served and coming up with unique products that have no substitutes in the market, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Innovation also weakens the tendency of companies to be outlaid from the market through the development of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and customers and new market entrants, as the company will be able to devise unique ways of operation. Formulating competitive strategies. Managers may weaken the market pressures by coming up with certain competitive strategies. Michael Porter outlined some competitive strategies. These plans included focus, differentiation and cost leadership, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). A firm can adopt cost leadership as a way of gaining a competitive advantage against its market rivals. In this strategy, the company would sell its products at relatively lower prices than those of its competitors, (Magretta, 2013). This enables the low and middle-income families to be able to afford the goods, making them develop loyalty to the companys products. A company may also develop customer focus as a competitive strategy. In customer focus, the company practices an active market differentiation and then modifies its operations to suit a specific customer target, (Grundy, 2016). The manager may decide to focus on customer satisfaction. For low-income families, satisfaction is gained when the customers can purchase the products at lower prices and save for other purchases, (Magretta, 2013). The company may, therefore, aim at reducing the cost of its products so as to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty. The company may also practice differentiation. In differentiation, the firm manipulates its goods and services so as to make them unique and different from the products from other businesses, (Grundy, 2016). This enables the firm to develop an efficient product positioning, as the customers will easily recognize the unique products in the market. Differentiation can also be achieved through branding, (Grundy, 2016). If a company develops a unique brand, then the clients will be able to separate this brand from other brands easily and purchase the goods provided by the corporation. Conclusion In this assignment, two pressures that an organization and the manager can be exposed to have been explained. These include market forces and technological pressures. The ways that can be utilized by the manager to weaken and solve these tensions have also been discussed. These include innovation and development of right, competitive strategies. References Bombardini, M., Trebbi, F. (2012). Competition and Political Organization: Together or Alone In Lobbying for Trade Policy? Journal of International Economics, 87(1), 18-26. Casadesus?Masanell, R., Zhu, F. (2013). Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation:The Case of Sponsor?Based Business Models. Strategic Management Journal, 34(4), 464- 482. E.Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for Applying Porter's Five Forces Framework: A Set of IndustryAnalysis Templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. Garcia, M. M., Colegrove, T. (2015). Introduction to Special Section: Considerations andPotential Impacts. Bulletin of the Association for Information Science Technology, 42(1),8-11. Doi:10.1002/Bul2.2015.1720420105 Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and Reinventing Michael Porter's Five Forces Model. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213-229. Doi:10.1002/Jsc.764 Magretta, J. (2013). Understanding Michael Porter: The Essential Guide to Competition and Strategy. Harvard Business Press. Naletelich, K. (2016). Consumer Perceived Dimensions of Organizational Creativity andInnovativeness. Ama Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings, 27g-21-G-23 Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y., Charoenngam, C. (2013). Competitive Strategies Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Performance Measurement. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(2), 168-184.

Pompeii Essays - World Heritage Sites In Italy, Osci, Pompeii

Pompeii Pompeii is possibly the best-documented catastrophe in Antiquity. Because of it, we know now how the Pompeians lived because they left behind an extensive legacy of art, including monuments, sculptures and paintings. Pompeii lay on a plateau of ancient lava near the Bay of Naples in western Italy in a region called Campania, less than 1.6 kilometers from the foot of Mount Vesuvius. With the coast to the west and the Apennine Mountains to the East, Campania is a fertile plain, traversed by two major rivers and rich soil. However, in the early days, it was not a remarkable city. Scholars have not been able to identify Pompeii's original inhabitants. The first people to settle in this region were probably prehistoric hunters and fishers. By at least the eight century B.C., a group of Italic people known as the Oscans occupied the region; they most likely established Pompeii, although the exact date of its origin is unknown. ?The root of the word Pompeii would appear to be the Oscan word for the number five, pompe, which suggests that either the community consisted of five hamlets or, perhaps, was settled by a family group (gens Pompeia)?(Kraus 7). In the course of the eight century B.C., Greek and Etruscan colonization stimulated the development of Pompeii as a city around the area of the Forum. A point for important trade routes, it became a place for trading towards the inland. Up until the middle of the 5th century B.C., the city was dominated politically by the Etruscans. In the course of the 6th century B.C., the influence of Greek culture is also documented by terracottas, ceramics and architecture. A group of warriors from Samnium, called Samnite, invaded the region in the 400's B.C. Pompeii remained a relatively unimportant village until the 200's B.C., when the town entered a prosperous period of building and expansion. The Romans defeated the Samnites, and Pompeii became part of the emerging Roman state. Pompeii joined the Italic revolt against Rome, the Social War of 91-87 B.C., and was crushed by Sulla. Although the city was not destroyed, it lost its autonomy, becoming a colony called Colonia Veernia Cornelia P, in honor of its conqueror L. Cornelius Sulla. By 79 AD, Latin had replaced Oscan as the principal language, and the laws and culture of Imperial Rome were implanted. The ?romanization? had began. Pompeii grew from a modest farming town to an important and sophisticated industrial and trading center. In 62 A.D., the first disaster, a terrible earthquake hit the city. As the city was being rebuilt the second disaster struck. In the summer of A.D. 79, Vesuvius suddenly erupted with violence. Hot ashes, lava and stones poured into Pompeii. The eruption caught Pompeians by surprise: ?They heard the crash of falling roofs: an instant more and the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a torrent; at the same time, it cast forth from its bosom a showe of ashes mixed with vast fragments of burning stone! over the crushing vines- over the desolate streets- over the amphitheater itself- far and wide- with many a mighty splash in the agitated sea- fell that awful shower.?, (Bulwer-Lytton 1). The remains of about 2,000 victims out of a population of 20,000 have been found in excavations. Some of them were trapped and killed in their homes. Others died as they fled. Archaeologists have found the shells (molds) of the bodies preserved in the hardened ash. By pouring plaster into the shells, they can make copies of the victims, even to the expressions of agony on their faces. Pompeii was not forgotten. Peasants in the area searched for hidden treasure and they made tunnels. In the 1500's workers digging a tunnel to change the course of the Sarno river discovered parts of a temple and the forum, but no one paid much attention. In 1748, a farmer discovered a wall and the authorities in Italy began a series of excavations. After 1860, Giuseppe Fiorelli served as director of the excavations. He directed the first uncovering of the whole city block by block. The Italian government has provided funding money for this project. After many years of work, we can now walk in Pompeii ?as Pompeians did?. After standing in line for quite a while and paying for a ticket, the tourist experiences what are about to live are quite unique. When walking in Pompeii, you can close your eyes and feel the magic of the city, because it seems like the

Meet the People Behind Donald Trumps Popularity

Meet the People Behind Donald Trump's Popularity Many were shocked by Donald Trumps rise to prominence through the 2016 Republican primaries, and even more so by his win of the presidency. Simultaneously, many were thrilled by it. Who are the people behind Trumps success? Throughout the 2016 primary season, Pew Research Center regularly surveyed voters, Republican and Democrat  alike, and produced a series of illuminating reports on demographic trends among supporters of particular candidates, and on the values, beliefs, and fears that drive their political decisions. Lets take a look at this data, which provides an in-depth look at the people behind Donald Trumps popularity. More Men Than Women Through the primaries and as the Republican nominee, Trump was more popular among men than women. Pew found in January 2016 that men among Republican voters had more confidence in Donald Trump than did women, and they found that men supported him more than women when they surveyed voters in March 2016. Once Trump and Clinton officially faced off in the general election, the greater appeal of Trump to men became even more clear, with just 35 percent of women voters aligning with him. More Old Than Young Throughout his campaign, Trump was consistently more popular among older voters than among younger ones. Pew found in January 2016 that Trumps ratings among Republican voters were highest with those  40 years and older, and this trend held true as more voters switched to supporting him in March 2016. Pew also found in their study conducted in April and May 2016 that warmth toward Trump increased with age, and coldness toward him decreased. A full 45 percent of Republicans aged 18 to 29 felt coldly toward Trump, while just 37 percent felt warmly toward him.  Conversely, 49 percent of those aged 30 to 49 felt warmly toward him and 60 percent of those aged 50 to 64 did, as did 56 percent of those over 65 years of age. And according to Pews data, in a face-off with Hillary Clinton, Trump was expected to capture just 30 percent of the vote among those 18 to 29 years of age. The proportion of those who preferred Trump to Clinton increased with each age bracket, but it wasnt until voters passed 65 years of age that Trump got the advantage.   Less Rather Than More Education Trumps popularity was also consistently greater among those with lower levels of formal education. Back in the primary season, when Pew surveyed Republican voters and asked them which candidates they preferred, Trumps ratings were highest among those who had not attained a college degree. This trend remained consistent when Pew surveyed Republican voters again in March 2016  and revealed that  his popularity was highest among those whose highest degree was a high school diploma. This trend bears out in an examination of supporters of Trump versus Clinton as well, with Clinton far more popular among those with higher levels of education. Lower Income Free Trade Trumps greater appeal to those with less rather than more household income is unsurprising, given the statistical relationship between education and income. While he was still competing against other Republican candidates in the primaries, Pew found in March 2016 that Trump was  more popular among voters with  lower income  levels than among those with higher levels. At that time, his popularity was greatest among those whose household income was below $30,000 per year. This trend gave Trump an edge in the primaries, and perhaps over Clinton as well, because there are more citizens living at, around, or below that income level than there are those who live on higher incomes. As compared with those who supported Clinton, Trump supporters are more likely to report that their household income is falling behind the cost of living  (61 versus 47 percent). Even across income brackets for supporters of both candidates, Trump supporters were more likely to report this, outweighing Clinton supporters by 15 percentage points among those whose household income is $30,000 or less, eight points among those in the $30,000 to $74,999 bracket, and by 21 points among those with a household income above $75,000. Perhaps connected to the correlation between household income and support for Trump is the fact that his supporters were  more likely than other Republican voters in March-April 2016 to say that free trade agreements have hurt their personal finances, and the majority (67 percent) say that free trade agreements have been bad for the U.S. Thats a figure that was 14 points higher than the average Republican voter during the primaries. White People and Acculturated Hispanics Pew found in a June 2016 survey of both Republican and Democratic voters that Trumps popularity lies primarily in white people - half of whom supported Trump, while just seven percent of black voters supported him. He was more popular among Hispanic voters than among blacks, capturing the support of about a quarter of them. Interestingly, Pew found though that support for Trump among Hispanics came primarily from English-dominant voters.  In fact,  the  English-dominant  Hispanic electorate was closely split between Clinton and Trump, at 48 percent for Clinton, and 41 for Trump.  Among bilingual or Spanish-dominant Hispanics, 80 percent intended to vote for Clinton and just 11 percent indicated they would choose Trump. This signals a relationship between ones level of acculturation - the adoption of the dominant, mainstream culture - and voter preference. It likely also signals a positive relationship between the number of generations an immigrant family has been in the U.S. and preference for Trump. Atheists and Evangelicals When Pew surveyed Republican voters in March 2016, they found that  Trumps popularity was greatest among those who are not religious, and among those who are religious but do not regularly attend religious services. At that time, he also led his opponents among those who are religious. Curiously, Trump is especially popular  among white evangelical Christians, who overwhelmingly believed that he would do a far better job than Clinton on every issue. Racial Diversity, Immigration, and Muslims As compared with those who supported other Republican candidates during the primaries,  Trump supporters were more likely to believe that greater scrutiny of Muslims living in the U.S. would make the country safer. Specifically, a Pew survey conducted in March 2016 found that Trump supporters were more likely than those who supported other candidates to believe that Muslims should be subjected to greater scrutiny than other religious groups as a method of preventing terrorism  and that Islam  is more likely than other religions to encourage violence. At the same time, the survey of Republican voters found a strong and consistent anti-immigrant sentiment among Trump supporters. Those who backed him in March 2016 were only half as likely as other Republican voters to  say immigrants strengthen the country, and they were far more likely to favor building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border (84 percent versus 56 percent among other Republican voters). As one can deduce from these findings, the majority of Trump supporters view immigrants as a burden to the country, see them as a threat to U.S. values,  and favor the expulsion of undocumented immigrants. Consistent with these findings, Pews April-May 2016 survey also found that the heavily older, white male fanbase of Trump believed that the growing racial diversity of the nation, which will make the population a majority of racial minorities, is bad for the country. Trump Will Make America Great Again Trump supporters have high expectation for their candidate. A Pew survey conducted between June and July 2016 found that the majority of Trump supporters believed that as a president he would make the immigration situation a lot better, and even more believed that he would improve it a little. Together, that means 86 percent of Trumps supporters believed that his policies would improve immigration (presumably by lessening it). They also overwhelmingly believed that a Trump presidency would make the U.S. safer from terrorism and improve the economy. But They Do Not Actually Like Him Fewer than half of Trump supporters ascribed any positive traits to their chosen candidate, according to a June-July 2016 Pew survey. Very few consider him well-informed or admirable. Only a minority expected that he would be willing to work with those he disagrees with, that he could unite the country, and that he is honest. They  did,  however, feel that he has deeply-held  beliefs  and that he is extreme. The Big Picture This set of facts, culled from a series of surveys conducted by one of the U.S.s most respected public opinion research centers, leaves us with a clear picture of those behind Trumps rise to political prominence. They are primarily white, older men with low levels of education and income. They believe that immigrants and free trade deals have harmed their earning power (and theyre right about the free trade deals), and they prefer an America in which white people are the majority. Trumps worldview and platform ​seem to resonate with them. Yet, following the election, exit poll data shows that Trumps appeal was far broader than polling and voting during the primaries suggested. He captured the votes of the vast majority of white people, regardless of age, class, or gender. This racial  division in the electorate further played out in the ten days following the election, when a surge of hate crimes, fueled by an embrace of Trumps rhetoric, swept the nation. Sources Doherty, Carroll. A Wider Ideological Gap Between More and Less Educated Adults. Pew Research Center, April 26, 2016. January 2016 Political Survey. Pew Research Center, January 7-14, 2016. June 2016 Voter Attitudes Survey. Pew Research Center. March 2016 Political Survey. Pew Research Center, March 17-26, 2016.